Matrix Multiplication Java Program

This post shows a Java program to multiply two matrices.

To multiply one matrix with another you need to do a dot product of rows and columns. Let’s see it with an example where you are trying to multiply a 3X3 matrix with a 3X2 matrix.

How matrix multiplication happens here using dot product can be explained as follows-

First row of first matrix is multiplied with the first column of second matrix.

s11 = r11Xp11 + r12Xp21 + r13Xp31

Second row of first matrix is multiplied with the second column of second matrix.

s12 = r11Xp12 + r12Xp22 + r13Xp32

Then second row of first matrix is multiplied with the first column of second matrix.

s21 = r21Xp11 + r22Xp21 + r23Xp31

and so on...

Java program for matrix multiplication

In the matrix multiplication Java program, initially user is prompted to enter the matrices. You can also check that the number of columns in the first matrix are equal to the number of rows in the second matrix. Then using these two matrices you can do the multiplication.

import java.util.Scanner;

public class MatrixMultiplication {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
    System.out.print("Enter number of rows and columns in the matrix : ");
    int r1 = in.nextInt();
    int c1 = in.nextInt();
    // First matrix
    int[][] matrix1 = prepareMatrix(r1, c1);
    System.out.print("Enter number of rows and columns in the matrix : ");
    int r2 = in.nextInt();
    int c2 = in.nextInt();
		
    if(c1 != r2){
      in.close();
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Number of columns in the first matrix should be equal to the number of rows in the second matrix");
    }
    // Second matrix
    int[][] matrix2 = prepareMatrix(r2, c2);
    // multiplied result stored in this matrix
    int multiplyMatrix[][] = new int[r1][c2];
    int sum = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < r1; i++){
      for(int j = 0; j < c2; j++){                
        for(int k = 0; k < c1; k++){
          sum = sum + matrix1[i][k] * matrix2[k][j];
        }
        multiplyMatrix[i][j] = sum;
        sum = 0;
      }
    }        
		
    System.out.println("Multiplied Matrix : " );
    for(int i = 0; i < r1; i++){
      for(int j = 0; j < c2; j++){
        System.out.print(" " +multiplyMatrix[i][j]+"\t");
      }
      System.out.println();
    }
    if(in != null){
      in.close();
    }
  }

  private static int[][] prepareMatrix(int row, int column){
    Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
    System.out.print("Enter elements of Matrix : ");
    int matrix[][] = new int[row][column];
    for(int i = 0; i < row; i++){
      for(int j = 0; j < column; j++){
        matrix[i][j] = sc.nextInt();
      }
    }
    System.out.println("Entered Matrix : " );
    for(int i = 0; i < row; i++){
      for(int j = 0; j < column; j++){
        System.out.print(" " +matrix[i][j]+"\t");
      }
      System.out.println();
    }
    return matrix;
  }
}

Output

Enter number of rows and columns in the matrix : 3 3
Enter elements of Matrix : 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17
Entered Matrix : 
 1	 3	 5	
 7	 9	 11	
 13	 15	 17	
Enter number of rows and columns in the matrix : 3 3
Enter elements of Matrix : 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Entered Matrix : 
 2	 4	 6	
 8	 10	 12	
 14	 16	 18	
Multiplied Matrix : 
 96	 114	 132	
 240	 294	 348	
 384	 474	 564

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Matrix Multiplication Java Program

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